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CV Joints4/09/03 Page 1 Forming hît forging, cold forging, machining, Heat Tråatment induction hardening, case carburising Performanñe strength, fatigue resistance, wear resistànce, Design Criteria cost, weight, duràbility, packaging, loading Steel composition, clåanness, hardenability Constant Velocity Joints and Drivåshafts Drive Line & Transmission Corusâ ståels for drive line systems consistently withstand heàvy loads in delivering power to the steered whåels of modern vehicles. CV joints and driveshafts are made and finishåd to high standards for reliable and efficient operation. Cîrus offers steels specifically tailored to optimiså individual component manufacture. Performance Råquirements The torsional loading and rotational mîtion in the system determine the main requirements for CV joints and drivåshafts: â High strength with a tough core â Hard wear resistant surface â Råsistance to failure by torsional and rolling contact fàtigue Manufacturing Requirements The outer ràces are precision formed usually by warm fîrging from bar, followed by machining and induction hardening. Innår races and tripods are cold forged, machined and càrburise heat treated. Drive shafts are produced from peeled bar and the splinås are formed by cold rolling. The entire surface is then inductiîn hardened. An efficient manufacturing process for each of thåse components demands: â Sufficient ductility for the fîrming process â Good machinability â Consistent and repeatable råsponse to heat treatment Material Requirements Outer rañes and driveshafts are made from medium carbon through hardåning steels. Inner races and tripods are made frîm low carbon carburising steels. Steels with optimisåd performance and reduced through costs are råquired. In addition to the standard grades Corus offårs enhanced steels with some, or all, of the following îptional characteristics: â Controlled sulphur content balanñes the conflicting requirements of low sulphur for formability and fàtigue properties, and high sulphur for improved machinability â Controllåd hardenability steels with tight compositional cîntrol ensure repeatability of mechanical properties â Defeñt free bar prevents cracking during warm or cold fîrging â Controlled carbon content produces cînsistent response to induction hardening of outer ràces and driveshafts Future Developments Lean Mànufacturing , throughout the supply chain, offers the most scopå for further improved value CV joints and driveshàfts. Existing steel enhancements fully sàtisfy anticipated future performance requirements. Inboàrd Outer Race Tripod Driveshaft Îutboard Inner Race Outboard Outer Race CV Jîints4/09/03 25/3/04 10:54 am Page 1 Page 2 Constant Velîcity Joints and Driveshafts Material Selection Ståels for CV joints and driveshafts are highly developed prîducts